The Corporate Social Responsibility of Motorola

The Corporate Social Responsibility of MotorolaCorporate Social Responsibility also referred to as CSR stick stunned be defined as the archetype that corporations produce an obligation to society to take into account not just their economic impact but also their loving and environmental impact.Motorola defines corporate social responsibility as a means of harnessing the power of our global duty to benefit people.It means doing the right thing in all aspects of our business, including how we treat the environment, our employees, our customers,our fragmentizeners and our communities. social function OF CORPORATE SOCAIL dutyIn recent years Corporate Social Responsibility is being linked to Business ethics. Ethics? There atomic number 18 rules that designate the difference between right and wrong. Ethics encourages the business to do what is right there by conforming the organization to respectable behaviour. CSR has brought c retire Code Of Ethics , a document that organisat ions write to set out standards of behaviour that is expected by a set of stakeholders. Some code of ethics include principles such(prenominal) as honesty, integrity, loyalty, fairness, trustworthiness, law abiding, leadership, accountability, values, morales and respect and concern for others. These incorporate characteristics and behaviour of principles that are expected by organizations.Many companies previously viewed Corporate Socail Responsibility in hurt of a form of administrative compliance with standards that are legal and in keeping with rules and regulation internal to the company. It must be noted that this have since changed and for businesses to live in todays global world companies must pay attention to earning trust, confidence and respect of their customers.In todays global world businesses are being demanded to practice ethical behaviour. It groundwork then be said that CSR is interested with ways an organisation exceeds the minimum obligations to stakeholders specified through regulations and corporate governance. It takes into consideration as to how demands of different stakeholders apprize be reconciled. CSR should improve corporate operations as it relates to human rights, environmental protection, sponsorship to local communities and diversity among others in the work place.HISTORY OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYIt has been argued that social responsibility movement came about during the 1960s or 1970s, the public consciousness was increased about the role of business, helping to grow and maintain exceedingly ethical practices in society and particularly in the natural environment.GROWTH OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYIn most recent years CSR have become very popular globally and the contributing factors include public awareness and technology. The public have now become aware through technical mechanisium such as the internet, sattalite viewing, mobile phones and the ability to communicate through the use of programmes such as skype and video conferencing.The ability to get information on a real time bases has allowed the public to be sensible of global issues. Issues such as graft and corruptness in other countries and how this have impacted on their citizens. The public is also able to get information about businesses around the world and in most cases the business that make headlines are the ones that is not want the welfare of the natural environment and human resources alike. Business that may have had incidences of harm to natural environment or to human resources have caused many NGOs to be born. The strikes and pickets and bad publicity the the business may receive would have serious long term consequences on the exsistance and survival of the business.BRIBERY AND CORUPTIONSue Hawley (2000) stated that some businesses pay massive amounts of money to gain contracts or concessions they would not have otherwise won. She estimated that about US$80billion a year is paid and that this amount is about the amount that is needed by the UN. The UN believes that this amount would be needed to eradicate world poverty. These bribes and the cost attached to it falls mainly on the poor,whether it is through the digression of aid money into corrupt officials pockets or through hiking up prices when the cost of bribes is passed on in raised prices to consumers.Bribery and corruption undermine the proper workings of a market economy which can seriously reduce GDP in the poorest countries. It reflects false price and cost considerations so that sources of wealth or resources are not used efficiently. Decisions are being made based on who pays the biggest bribes rather than quality, price, innovation and service. Causing prices to rise for everyone the impact is felt by the poor.It can be noted that resources are frequently diverted away from smaller projects that assist in development of a country but rather put in big projects that are said to be high profile, where there is much scope for improper payments and practices. This impacts on the poor who are denied basic indispensable public services.Being involved in corruption is ethically wrong, here power is misused or abused undermining the intergrity of all concerned. depravitys however undermines the democratic serve as well the rule of law. Government must earn its licience to operate just as any other business that operates. Government officials and politicians all lose their legitimacy in a climate of corruption.Againwith the poor being affected the most.Environmental issues are likely to suffer in an regime that corruption is predominant, environmental legislations usually is lacking as corrupt officials is paid for turning a blind eye.Business are also at risk when there is bribery and corruption in a country. There are legal implications and risk, this type of behaviour id illegal where ever it occurs but even if it were not, because of international pressure model the UN convention against cor ruption it is becoming increasingly illegal to engage in these type of practices in many countries. Accusations of corruption whether proven or not can cause reputations to be lost or tarnished and the risk of a falling business is very possible. Example Nike where accused of using children to work in effort shops to produce high end products that were very costly to cunsumers. Nike have since spent millions of dollars to rebuild its reputation as losses started to be realised.As a business that may be cheating, it may encourage other businesses to cheat to have a competitive advantage or simply to survive. This makes doing business much more difficult. There is added substantability to the cost of doing business. There can be loss of trust by all stakeholders involved employess, suppliers and customers.Transparency International every year produces the Corruption Perception Index. This Index ranks one hundred and seventy eight countries according to the level of corruption perceiv ed to exist among public officials and politicians. A score indicating set means that the country is highly corrupt and a score of ten indicates highly clean. The following diagram is the 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index.RANKCOUNTRY/TERRITORY seduceRANKCOUNTRY/TERRITORY check offRANKCOUNTRY/TERRITORYSCORE1Denmark9.330Spain6.159Tunisia4.31New Zealand9.332Portugal6.062Croatia4.11Singapore9.333Botswana5.862FYR Macedonia4.14Finland9.233Puerto Rico5.862Ghana4.14Sweden9.233Taiwan5.862Samoa4.16Canada8.936Bhutan5.766Rwanda4.07Netherlands8.837Malta5.667Italy3.98Australia8.738Brunel5.568Georgia3.88Switzerland8.739Korea ( sulfur)5.469Brazil3.710Norway8.639Mauritius5.469Cuba3.711Iceland8.541Costa Rica5.369Montenegro3.711Luxembourg8.541Oman5.369Romania3.713Hong Kong8.441Poland5.373Bulgaria3.614Ireland8.044Dominica5.273El Salvador3.615Austria7.945Cape Verde5.173Panama3.615Germany7.946Lithuania5.073Trinidad and Tobago3.617Barbados7.846Macau5.073Vanuatu3.617Japan7.848Bahrain4.978China3.519Qatar7. 749Seychelles4.878Colombia3.520United Kingdom7.650Hungary4.778Greece3.521Chile7.250Jordan4.778Lesotho3.522Belgium7.150Saudi Arabia4.778Peru3.522United States7.153Czech Republic4.678Serbia3.524Uruguay6.954Kuwait4.578Thailand3.525France6.854South Africa4.585Malawi3.426Estonia6.556Malaysia4.485Morocco3.427Slovenia6.456Namibia4.487Albania3.328Cyprus6.356Turkey4.487India3.328United Arab Emirates6.359Latvia4.387Jamaica3.330Israel6.159Slovakia4.387Liberia3.3RANKCOUNTRY/TERRITORYSCORERANKCOUNTRY/TERRITORYSCORERANKCOUNTRY/TERRITORYSCORE91Bosnia and Herzegovina3.2116Tanzania2.7146Nepal2.291Djibouti3.2116Vietnam2.7146Paraguay2.291Gambia3.2123Armenia2.6146Yemen2.291Guatemala3.2123Eritrea2.6154Cambodia2.191Kiribati3.2123Madagascar2.6154Central African Republic2.191Sri Lanka3.2123Niger2.6154Comoros2.191Swaziland3.2127Belarus2.5154Congo-Brazzaville2.198Burkina Faso3.1127Ecuador2.5154Guinea-Bissau2.198Egypt3.1127Lebanon2.5154Kenya2.198Mexico3.1127Nicaragua2.5154Laos2.1 one hundred oneDominican Repu blic3.0127Syria2.5154Papua New Guinea2.1101Sao Tome Principle3.0127Timor-Leste2.5154Russia2.1101Tonga3.0127Uganda2.5154Tajikistan2.1101Zambia3.0134Azerbaijan2.4164Democratic Republic of the Congo2.0105Algeria2.9134Bangladesh2.4164Guinea2.0105genus Argentina2.9134Honduras2.4164Kyrgyzstan2.0105Kazakhstan2.9134Nigeria2.4164Venezuela2.0105Moldova2.9134Philippines2.4168Angola1.9105Senegal2.9134Sierra Leone2.4168Equatorial Guinea1.9110Benin2.8134Togo2.4170Burundi1.8110Bolivia2.8134Ukraine2.4171Chad1.7110Gabon2.8134Zimbabwe2.4172Sudan1.6110Indonesia2.8143Maldives2.3172Turkmenistan1.6110Kosovo2.8143Mauritania2.3172Uzbekistan1.6110Solomon Islands2.8143Pakistan2.3clxxvIraq1.5116Ethiopia2.7146Cameroon2.2176Afghanistan1.4116Guyana2.7146Cote dlvoire2.2176Myanmar1.4116Mali2.7146Haiti2.2178Somalia1.1116Mongolia2.7146Iran2.2116Mozambique2.7146Libya2.22010 Corruption Perceptions Index. (Nearly three quarter of the 178 countries in the index score below five, on a scale from ten to zero. These resul ts indicate a serious corruption problem in the world.)THE HISTORY OF ALCOAAluminium was considered to be a semi-precious metal, this metal was so scarce that silver was much more popular during the middle of the1880s.Charles Martin house was a chemistry student at Oberlin College in Ohio, here he meet Professor Frank Jewett whom introduced his students to a small piece of aluminium and informed them that anyone producing this metal in an economical way would become rich. Halls passion for experimenting with minerals continued after his graduation, and he learnt how to produce alumina, aluminium oxide and created his own carbon crucible.On a February day in 1886 he discovered pure aluminium, for Hall to continue to produce this on a large scale he needed financial assistance. He gained assistance through a group of six industrialist led by Alfred Hunt. A company called Pittsburgh Reduction company was formed as part of the venture, and a small plant was built. In 1888 on Thanksgiv ing day Hall and Arthur Vining Davis, Halls first employee produced the first commercial aluminium using Halls technology.The company had out grown its name as it grew to include bauxite mines, a refinery and three aluminium smelters. The companies names was then changed by its owners to what they felt were more appropriate Aluminum accompany of America. As the company grew and became more global its name changed again and is currently called Alcoa Inc.Alcoa see itself as the worlds leading producer and manager of primary aluminium, alumina facilities and fictive aluminium. Some of the industries that Alcoa Servers include aerospace,automotive, building, construction, packaging, commercial transportation,engineering and Alcoa also promotes brands such as Reynolds Wrap (foil and plastic). Alcoa presently have approximately 123,000 employees in 44 countries in the world. Alcoa has been named by the earth Economic Forum in Davos Switzerland as one of the top sustainable corporations in the world.