Discuss the Influence of Childhood on Adult Relationships

Discuss the mildew of childhood on pornographic relationships. (24 Marks) Many fastening psychologists argue that archaeozoic relationships with our primary cargongivers provide the foundation for later adult relationships. Bowlby called this the continuity hypothesis. This is the claim that early relationship dumbfounds continue in later adult relationships. According to the attachment theory, young children pause an internal working model from their first relationship with their primary carer.This is then the basis on which they consider what is acceptable in future relationships and whether they are able to trust or rely other individuals (based on preconceptions from previous relationships). Young children also develop characteristic attachment styles in their early relationships which make for later relationships by providing the child with beliefs just slightly themselves, other people and relationships in general. There are several attachment styles that a child can d evelop in infancy.Ainsworth (1971) divided these into secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant, when working on her Strange Situation research. The characteristics we associate with attachment styles will provide a child with a set of beliefs about themselves and the nature of relationships with others. These attachment styles can be seen as a indicator of the nature of their future adult relationships. For example, someone who is securely attached as a child can expect to have similar relationships throughout life.There is research supporting the influence of childhood on adult relationship, such as the longitudinal study performed by Simpson et al (2007). It was carried out on on a group of individuals from childhood into their twenties. Individuals previously labelled as securely attached were more opened of socialising, developed secure friendships and had positive emotional experiences on a regular basis, supporting the hypothesis. This shows that our attachment as chi ldren, and our developed internal working model influence our adult relationships greatly.Another study that proves this hypothesis was performed by Hazan and Shaver (1981). They devised a love quiz in a local newspaper, asking readers to describe their feelings and experiences about romantic relationships and their childhood relationships with parents. They found a strong correlation between childhood and adult relationship patterns for example, insecure-avoidant types doubted the existence of love, feared closeness and found it hard to exculpate insecure-resistant types were intensely emotional, jealous and untrusting and secure types believed in love, were very trusting and liked being close to others.However it is unlikely that our attachment types as children are fixed. disembodied spirit events, such as divorce of parents or loss of a loved one, can cause a securely attached child to choke insecure, therefore it is false to say that our early relationships determine whethe r or not we have successful long-lasting relationships. Also, this is a very deterministic view. It suggests that we have no control everyplace the effect our childhood has on our future and that we do not have free will. For example the idea that because a child was abused, when they grow up they will become abusers is not only is this untrue, but it plays on the idea that we have no power over who we become. ) Relationships with peers also have an influence on later adult relationships. Peers become more influential as a child progresses into adolescence, playing a significant role in an individual becoming an independent adult, and dowery to develop social skills, including those needed for adult relationships.As young people develop into adolescents, they spend less time with parents and family and time with peers increases. They are more likely to experience self disclosure of inner feelings and secrets. Bee (1995) argues that teenagers use their peer group to make the transi tion from protection from the family to the real world. Interactions help to develop independence where the teen piecemeal attains separation from their family. This suggests how they develop a level of emotional and physical intimacy different to that to which they have with their parents.However gender differences have been found in childhood relationships. question has shown that girls experience more intimate peer relations than boys, and often report feelings of care and security in their relationships with other girls. In contrast, boys peer relationships are usually more competitive. Therefore, we cannot extrapolate about the effects of childhood peer interactions as experiences are often very different. Also, many studies of adolescent relationships have relied on excellent samples from once school or city, usually in the US.A major disadvantage of such samples is that it doesnt adequately represent relationships in other areas and cultures. Therefore, it is difficult to generalise findings, especially to non-Western cultures. Overall there are many suggestions as to how childhood, (the effects of peer relationships and parent-child relationships,) can affect our future adult relationships, and although there is various consequence supporting this, it is too reductionist to suggest that childhood experiences is the only factor that impacts possible relationships, as there are others such as life events and environmental factors.